| 于良芝,李亚设,权昕.我国乡镇图书馆建设中的话语与话语性实践——基于政策文本和建设案例的分析[J].中国图书馆学报,2016,42(4):4~19 |
| 我国乡镇图书馆建设中的话语与话语性实践——基于政策文本和建设案例的分析 |
| Discourses and Discursive Practices of Township Libraries in China |
| 投稿时间：2016-04-12 修订日期：2016-05-19 |
| DOI：10.13530/j.cnki.jlis.160015 |
| 中文关键词: 乡镇图书馆 乡镇综合文化站 话语分析 |
| 英文关键词: Township libraries Township comprehensive cultural station Discourse analysis |
| 基金项目:本文系国家自然科学基金项目“信息不平等的发生机理和政策启示研究”(编号:71273141)的研究成果之一 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文以我国图书馆界对普遍均等公共图书馆服务体系的追求为背景,旨在考察现有乡镇图书馆建设所依据的“乡镇图书馆”意义(meaning)及其对全覆盖公共图书馆服务体系的影响。该研究按照话语分析的思路,审视了20世纪80年代以来我国中央政府出台的10份涉及乡镇图书馆服务的政策文本和四个县级行政区划中12个乡镇的图书馆服务。研究显示,我国涉及乡镇图书馆服务的政策可以分为三类:基层公共文化政策、乡镇综合文化站政策和图书馆事业政策。它们包含的乡镇图书馆相关陈述隶属于两大话语体系:我国基层公共文化话语和世界公共图书馆话语。前者将乡镇图书馆等同于乡镇文化站图书室,并将其排除在公共图书馆范畴之外；后者将乡镇图书馆界定为公共图书馆的基层服务网点,将其视为公共图书馆覆盖率不断扩大的必然结果。本研究分析的三类政策中,基层公共文化政策和乡镇综合文化站政策同属于我国基层公共文化话语；图书馆事业政策则杂糅了世界公共图书馆话语和我国基层公共文化话语的陈述,表现了它试图调和两种不同话语体系的努力。本研究调研的12个乡镇(包括5个已经开展总分馆体系建设的乡镇)都是按基层公共文化话语建构的乡镇图书馆意义(即“乡镇图书馆=乡镇综合文化站图书室SymbolyB@公共图书馆”)在打造乡镇图书馆服务。本研究认为,这种意义及其实践无法产生专业化公共图书馆服务,是普遍均等公共图书馆服务的新瓶颈。表4。参考文献10。 |
| 英文摘要: |
The purpose of this paper is to examine the discursive formations that underpin township library development and their impact on the nation’s pledged target to develop a universal public library service for all.
The study is based on a Foucauldian style of discourse analysis. It first analyzes 10 policies issued by the central government since the 1980s，and then analyzes the library service provision in 12 townships in four county-level regions. The policy documents are chosen because of their relevance for township cultural services （which include the library service）. Analysis of these documents is focused on three clusters of statements: those concerning township library service itself，those concerning the broader service of which the township library service forms a part，and those concerning the relationship between the library service and the broader service. The 12 townships are chosen through a mixed sampling procedure. Data about their library services are collected through participant observation and interviews and are analyzed following qualitative data analysis procedure.
The study shows that government policies in which the township library service is mentioned can be classified into three categories: policies on rural culture，policies on township cultural stations and policies on library development. Related policy statements converge on two discursive formations: the grass-root public culture discourse and the world’s public library discourse. While the worlds public library discourse defines the township library as an integrated part of the nations public library service which provides people with a range of knowledge，information and cultural resources，the grass-root public culture discourse defines the township library，which it equates with the book-lending reading room，as one of the many grass-root cultural activities housed by the township comprehensive cultural situation. Despite the fact that the grass-root public culture discourse has also named a range of information services （such as government information service，adult and formal education support） for township residents，it designates the township comprehensive cultural station as the legitimate provider of these services in lieu of the township library，and the public library for this matter. In constructing the township cultural services in this way，the grass-root public culture discourse has practically made “township library” a different kind from the world’s professional public library service.
The study also shows that while policy documents on rural culture and township cultural stations consist mainly of statements of the grass-root public culture discourse，policies on library development attempt to incorporate statements of both discourses. However，as statements from different discourses are by nature incompatible，the attempt to follow both often leads to confounding，and sometimes even collapse，of meaning regarding township library services. Current township library development is therefore dominated mainly by the grass-root public culture discourse from the first two types of policies. The worlds public library discourse has achieved very little impact so far.
By adopting a discourse analysis approach，this paper has unveiled some hidden contradictions in Chinas current endeavor to develop a universal public library service for all.
This paper contends that the grass-root public culture discourse and its discursive practices are contra-productive to professional public library services，and therefore form a new bottleneck to the development of a universal public library service for all. It suggests that facilities in township comprehensive cultural stations be restructured and renamed to enable township public library service to take shape. 4 tabs. 10 refs.
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