| 顾立平.数据治理——图书馆事业的发展机遇[J].中国图书馆学报,2016,42(5):40~56 |
| 数据治理——图书馆事业的发展机遇 |
| Data Governance: Opportunity for the Library |
| 投稿时间：2016-08-03 |
| DOI：10.13530/j.cnki.jlis.160021 |
| 中文关键词: 开放科学 开放数据 数据治理 数据获取 数据共享 数据重用 数据加值服务 数据馆员 |
| 英文关键词: Open science Open data Data governance Data access Data sharing Data reuse Data value-added service Data librarian |
| 基金项目:本文系中国科学院国际合作局项目“支持GRC开放获取行动计划的世界开放获取行动评价与监测平台”(编号:Y140321001)的研究成果之一 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 3068 |
| 全文下载次数: 1182 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 数据驱动发现成为一种新的科学进步路线,产生了新的知识服务对象:愈加重视数据的科学家和工程师、数据科学家、数据工程师、数据分析师、公民科学家等。数据获取需要依靠国家的行政命令、资助机构的政策、研究机构和大学的管理办法等。数据共享存在于不同学科,而且已具备了基础设施,诸如:数据中心、数据云、数据知识库与数据期刊、信息技术中心、数字资源中心等。数据重用需要公共部门、企业、公众、利益相关方在“尽可能地开放,尽责任地封闭”前提下,采取协调一致的行动。在这里,数据馆员扮演重要角色。数据治理生态体系需要图书馆执行数据获取、数据共享、数据重用的政策。通过不断寻找和搜集最佳实践案例,图书馆可以支持数据治理。参考文献79。 |
| 英文摘要: |
The approach of technology driven development has made a great achievement in the past few years. Nowadays，the data driven discovery is becoming a new route of scientific progress，which makes “innovation driving development，data driving innovation” possible.
However，opportunity and challenge exist side by side. The key is to put the slogan into practice. We need to address three questions. 1） Who would do it? In other words，whom we are going to serve? 2） What are current obstacles—which means what are currently hindering their development—and what can we do to help them? 3） How can we put it into practice，namely，the distance between imagination and reality? In other words，how can we become more mature?
Data governance will create new employment opportunities and potential economic growth. New protagonists would be scientists and engineers who pay more attention to data，a new generation of data scientists，data engineers who create data values，data analysts who create added value and citizen scientists. Data librarians are probably the most important supporting players.
Data access governance is a form of data governance which depends on national administrative orders，funding agencies policies and regulations of research institutions and universities to make research data open access. People who can help implement policies are in need. Obviously，it is difficult for librarians to adjust themselves from information management to data management，but not out of the question.
Data sharing environment is another form of data governance which includes different disciplines and is provided with infrastructure. Data centers，data clouds，data repositories，data journals，IT centers，and digital resource centers are tools for data storage and services rather than methods of governance. Librarians who have experience in managing carriers of different disciplines and knowledge in data rights management are able to assist in handling information services under contracts，agreements，commercial licenses and open licenses，and are also able to maximize the effectiveness of existing infrastructure.
Data governance is not only data access，but also data reuse，and its goal is not only data sharing but also open data. It relies on the coordinated action among public sectors，enterprises，publics and stakeholders on the idea “as open as possible，as closed as necessary”. In general，data sets must undergo the cost and risk assessment of national security，individual privacy，data security and business interests before release. Released data sets are findable，accessible，interoperable and reusable. As a nonprofit agency which does not represent any special interest group，the library is the reliable data filter and release channel.
Data governance is the foundation of knowledge communication，processing and creation. As raw materials of the knowledge industry，data values depend on technologies and social organization of their age. Therefore，they may not be recognized at that time. It is the librarys responsibility to store and utilize such raw materials. By searching and collecting best practices，better data governance will be gradually achieved. 79 refs.
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