文章摘要

余厚强,董克,王曰芬,章成志.基于科学推文视角的非正式科学交流语言分布研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2018,44(2):86~96
基于科学推文视角的非正式科学交流语言分布研究
Study of Language Distribution in Informal Scientific Communication from the Perspective of Scientific Tweets
投稿时间:2017-08-19  修订日期:2017-11-09
DOI:
中文关键词: 替代计量学  科学推文  语言分布  非正式科学交流  推特
英文关键词: Altmetrics  Scientific Tweets  Language distribution  Informal scientific communication  Twitter
基金项目:本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向知识创新服务的数据科学理论与方法研究”(编号:16ZDA224)的研究成果之一
作者单位E-mail
余厚强 南京理工大学经济管理学院信息管理系 江苏 南京 210094 yuhouq@yeah.net 
董克 武汉大学信息管理学院 湖北 武汉 230074  
王曰芬 南京理工大学经济管理学院信息管理系 江苏 南京 210094  
章成志 南京理工大学经济管理学院信息管理系 江苏 南京 210094  
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中文摘要:
      语言是科学交流的载体,科学交流的语言分布反映了全球科技话语权的格局,本文基于科学推文视角揭示了非正式科学交流中的语言分布,并与基于科技文献的正式科学交流语言分布做了对比分析。研究发现:①科学推文语言集中分布在英语(91%)、日语(24%)和西班牙语(17%),而科技文献语言集中分布在英语(942%)、中文(43%)和土耳其语(04%);②科学推文和科技文献的语言分布均存在学科差异,体现出不同语言作者对特定学科关注度的不同;③除了沙特阿拉伯之外,世界各国即使母语不是英语,均以英语科学推文占主导地位,母语科学推文屈居第二;④英语、德语、日语、法语等语种的科技文献获得科学推文最多,而科技文献量和质量名列前茅的中文和土耳其语文献获得的科学推文很少。结果表明,英语俨然已经成为非正式科学交流中的通用语,提高中文在科学交流中的国际影响力任重道远。图3。表3。参考文献15。
英文摘要:

    Language is a media of scientific communication. Language distribution of scientific communication reflects the status of global scientific power. The study, based on scientific tweets, has revealed the language distribution in informal scientific communication, and comparative analysis is done with language distribution of scientific literature, in order to help understand the function and influence of major languages in informal scientific communication in major countries around the world.

Firstly, bibliographic data were collected from Scopus for scientific publications of all languages published in June 2015, including country, discipline, citation count, title and DOI. Secondly, Python program was used to match records in Altmetric.com dataset (October 2011 to June 2016) by matching DOI and title. Scientific tweets of these publications were collected, including geographic coordinates and full text of tweet content. Thirdly, descriptive statistics were used for analyzing the data and comparison was conducted.

According to Scopus, 183 699 scientific publications of 25 languages were published in June 2015. These publications obtained 451 982 scientific tweets. 1) From the perspective of general distribution of scientific tweets, English scientific tweets have the highest percentage. Languages of scientific tweets are concentrated in English (91%), Japanese (24%) and Spanish (17%). In comparison, languages of scientific publications are concentrated in English (942%), Chinese (43%) and Turkish (04%), and the concentration is getting more skewed than before. 2) From the perspective of language distribution in disciplinary level, there exists disciplinary difference in informal scientific communication, reflecting the different level of attention they have for different disciplines. In comparison, language distribution of scientific publications in disciplinary level reflects that certain countries have advantage in certain disciplines. 3) From the perspective of language distribution in country level, English has undoubtedly become lingua franca for informal scientific communication. Countries around the world, regardless of whether the native language is English or not, have English scientific tweets in the dominant position while their native language scientific tweets rank the second, except for Saudi Arabia. For all countries, the top three languages have occupied over 95% of scientific tweets. The distribution also shows some scientific and cultural difference, for example, in Japan, Japanese scientific tweets have similar percentage as English scientific tweets. 4) From the perspective of language distribution for publications of different languages, scientific tweets are concentrated for publications of English, Germany, Japanese, French, Portuguese and Spanish, while Chinese and Turkish publications of high percentage receive no scientific tweets, indicating publications of these two languages obtain low attention in informal scientific communication.

Although scientific tweet is an important form of informal scientific communication on Twitter, it cannot represent informal scientific communication from all scientists, and there are also other forms of scientific communication on Twitter. China has restricted the use of Twitter so China is not in the scope of analysis of language distribution in country level.

The study quantitatively measures the language distribution of informal scientific communication.With detailed statistical analysis from country level, disciplinary level and language level, the author points out that English has also become the lingua franca in informal scientific communication. 3 figs. 3 tabs. 15 refs.

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