| 邱均平,余厚强.论推动替代计量学发展的若干基本问题[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(1):4~15 |
| Some Basic Problems in Advancing Development of Altmetrics |
| 论推动替代计量学发展的若干基本问题 |
| |
| DOI：10.13530/j.cnki.jlis.150001 |
| Key words:Altmetrics Scientific evaluation Scientific communication |
| 中文关键词: 替代计量学 科学评价 科学交流 引文指标 可信度 |
| 基金项目:本文系中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助重点项目“替代计量学理论与实证研究”(编号:2014104010201)的研究成果之一 |
|
| Hits: 5646 |
| Download times: 2507 |
| Abstract: |
With systematic survey, induction and analysis of altmetrics literature, the study aimed to answer the following three questions:1) What does altmetrics study? What is it alternative for? 2) What is the relationship between altmetrics indicators and traditional citation-based indicators? And why? 3) Are altmetrics indicators valid? Are altmetrics indicators vulnerable and easy to manipulate because they are based on online data?
Results showed that the meaning of altmetrics evolved through three stages. In the first stage, the proposer of the term altmetrics made the initial definition. Altmetrics was deemed to possess the potential of replacing the traditional citation-based literature filter mechanism and scientific evaluation mechanism. It is defined as “the creation and study of new metrics based on the Social Web for analyzing, and informing scholarship”; In the second stage, researchers had defined altmetrics in various ways. To sum up, these definitions are different in the coverage. The most manifest definition is that “altmetrics is social media metrics”, the most general definition is that “altmetrics combined traditional bibliometrics indicators and novel online indicators to give alternative solution for measuring the complete impact of academic products”; In the third stage, altmetrics research community had come to agreement. Altmetrics in the broad sense emphasizes the change of research perspective, and aims to replace the quantitative scientific evaluation system relying solely on traditional citation-based indicators with the evaluation system of full impact oriented to academic products, and simultaneously advance the development of open science and online scientific communication. Altmetrics in the narrow sense specifically studies novel online indicators and their application compared to traditional citation-based indicators, especially indicators based on social media data.
The meanings of altmetrics indicators are gradually being revealed. 1) Studies showed certain types of the altmetrics indicators cannot reflect academic impact. Altmetrics indicators reflect different meaning with citation-based indicators, thus should be combined to use in evaluation. 2) Altmetrics indicators reflect visibility, popularity and societal impact. Altmetrics cover more general scientific product users and reflect societal impact. 3) Altmetrics indicators based on data source from the academia reflect more academic impact. Academic impact should undoubtedly be limited to academic users, because users outside the academia cannot contribute citations. To sum up, the key to properly use altmetrics indicators is to distinguish the application context.
Criticism to the validity of altmetrics can be summarized into three aspects.1) altmetrics indicators bear the risk of being manipulated in large scale; 2) altmetrics data sources are not scientific and rigorous enough; 3) part of altmetrics data source cannot be traced. Despite the criticism, it must be made clear that these problems can be solved and avoided. 1) the risk of manipulating altmetrics indicators in large scale can be avoided; 2) every altmetrics indicator reflects users' value judgment; 3) the establishment of altmetrics infrastructure makes the raw altmetrics data easy to store and reuse. 1 tab.60 refs. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 替代计量学快速发展,同时也造成了一些困扰,主要表现在替代计量学的研究内涵存在争议,替代计量指标内在价值不够明朗,替代计量指标可信度遭到质疑。本文对近年来替代计量学的研究论著进行追踪和梳理,利用狭义、广义二分法归纳替代计量学的研究内涵,明确提出狭义的替代计量学专门研究相对传统引文指标的在线新型计量指标及其应用,广义的替代计量学研究在线新型科学交流体系和面向学术成果的全面影响力评价指标体系。若根据应用情境对替代计量指标和数据源进行细分,既能反映学术成果的社会影响力,也能反映学术成果的学术影响力。从规避数据操纵、数据严谨性和数据一致性三个方面,论证了替代计量指标具备实用的可信度。替代计量学研究有利于增加发展中国家科学家的话语权,对创新型科学交流机制起到促进作用。对应Altmetrics这个英文术语,“替代计量学”是最合适的中文译名。表1。参考文献60。 |
|
View Full Text
View/Add Comment Download reader |
|
|
|
