| 宋歌.学术创新的扩散过程研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(1):62~75 |
| The Diffusion Process of Academic Innovation |
| 学术创新的扩散过程研究 |
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| DOI：10.13530/j.cnki.jlis.151006 |
| Key words:Academic innovation Knowledge diffusion Innovation diffusion Diffusion process |
| 中文关键词: 学术创新 知识扩散 创新扩散 扩散过程 |
| 基金项目:本文系中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“基于引文网络的我国社会科学领域知识扩散研究”(编号:SKCX20130037)的研究成果之一 |
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| Abstract: |
The study on characteristics of knowledge diffusion is becoming an important research topic in bibliometrics. Existing results pay close attention to the knowledge diffusion in one discipline or among different disciplinary fields which belong to static study. The dynamic process research of an academic innovation diffusing is rare. The tracks of academic development could be reduced and refined from the procedures rather than the results of academic innovation. Its study results will be valuable references not only for colleges and universities to constructing disciplines, organizing interdisciplinary research, tackling key problems, selecting project topics, grasping subject frontier and trend, but also for scientific research management departments to plan strategy and policy, evaluate projects and research.
Taking structural holes as example, this study carries out an empirical research using diffusion theory and main path analysis. Firstly,we establish sequential network of diffusion, draw diffusion curve, measure speed and acceleration. An S type curve has been found. The diffusion on its takeoff stage reached second-order inflection point in 2010. So the diffusion of structural holes will be successful. Secondly, we analyze subject distribution, delay and diffusion curves in different subjects. The result showed structural holes originated from Sociology but further developed by the strong push of Business & Economics. Current diffusion span is 38. Although their reaching to LIS was late, related research is active. According to the diffusion stages, we forecasted the development trend of structural holes in various disciplines. Thirdly, we identified main path, main path component and key nodes. There was only one main path with simple structures which led by Burt from 1992 to 2004, then extended to the area of Business & Economics since 2004. The key nodes and their relationship in main path component revealed that the process of re-innovation and re-diffusion had occurred one after another. Fourthly, we calculated diffusion strength and analyzed information interactive mode. The diffusion network had dual center composed by Sociology and Business & Economics. There were two modes between center disciplines and the others:double diffusion and unidirectional diffusion. Finally, five steps have been concluded for the study on diffusion of academic innovation.
Originality of this research is that we have defined span, speed, acceleration, strength and delay of diffusion, and made the basic indicators internally consistency; and by combining network theory, diffusion theory and citation analysis, we integrated methods and analysis dimensions, and thus the general method and steps of analyzing diffusion process have been concluded. 6 figs.5 tabs.11 refs. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 知识扩散能促进知识创新,从过程而非结果的视角研究学术创新的扩散,能够还原学术发展的轨迹,为学术研究及科研管理提供可靠依据。本文选取结构洞理论为学术创新实例,采用包含时间维度的扩散理论和分析时间流的主路径分析方法进行创新扩散实证研究。通过建立扩散时序网络,分析扩散曲线、路径与关键节点和学科分布与信息交互模式,定义扩散广度、速度、强度及延时,并进行测度,认为可将创新扩散过程研究归纳为五个步骤,其内容涵盖研究方法与分析维度、分析层次和分析视角的整合。图6。表5。参考文献11。 |
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