| 肖希明.“国史”与“图书馆史”融合的历史分期[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(3):13~21 |
| Integrating the Periodizations of Chinese History and the History of Chinese Libraries:Exploring the Periodization Methodology for the Contemporary and Modern History of Chinese Library Development |
| “国史”与“图书馆史”融合的历史分期 |
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| DOI：10.13530/j.cnki.jlis.150013 |
| Key words:Library history Chinese national history Historical periodization Contemporary and modern history |
| 中文关键词: 图书馆史 国史 历史分期 现当代 |
| 基金项目:本文系国家社科基金后期资助项目“中国图书馆史”(编号:14FTQ003)的研究成果之一 |
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| Abstract: |
Historical periodization is an indispensible basis to the study of the contemporary and modern history of Chinese libraries. This paper aims to explore and develop a new periodization methodology, which merges the Chinese national history and the history of Chinese library development and which can be used to identify and illustrate the internal connections between the library development and societal evolvement in contemporary and modern China. This periodization methodology can be used to identify the characteristics, patterns and future trends of Chinese library development.
At the moment, the periodization of Chinese national history mainly follows the Marxism methodological principles, in which several analytical techniques are commonly employed, such as theoretical periodization, periodical division, and the unity of history and logic.
The periodization of the history of Chinese library development should be consistent with the periodization of the Chinese national history. Theoretically, the same methodology should be able to be applied on both streams of history in China. Also, the development of libraries should be consistent with the national development. Nonetheless, and very differently, the periodization of library history needs to be based upon problems, barriers and contextual influences on library development. The author believes that, it is necessary to not only merge these ‘consistencies’ and ‘differences’, but also fully consider the political, economic and social contexts, as well as the specific characteristics of the development of Chinese libraries.
On the basis of this foundation, the author proposes that the history of the development of modern and contemporary Chinese libraries can be divided into six periods. The first period:1949-1956, the initiation and early development of libraries in the newly established People's Republic of China. The second period:1957-1965, a very difficult and almost tortuous history to the newborn Chinese library services. The third period:1966-1976, the most critical period of history in contemporary China, the Cultural Revolution, which had generated detrimental damages to Chinese libraries. The fourth period:1977-1989, under the influences of the market reformation and the implementation of the “Open Door Policy”, the Chinese library services had made rapid and profound development. The fifth period:1990-1999, Chinese libraries had completed the transition from traditional to modern library services. The sixth period:2000-2009, Chinese libraries experienced unprecedented and prosperous development in this period.
The historical periodization for Chinese library development innovatively absorbed critical standards and references used in the periodization of Chinese national history. Simultaneously, this periodization is developed not only based on the features, characteristics and laws of library development, but also through in-depth analysis on the annual development of Chinese libraries in history. Nevertheless, this periodization methodology developped on paper requires further validation and verification. 16 refs. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 历史分期问题是现当代图书馆史研究的核心问题，本文探讨一种“国史”与“图书馆史”融合的历史分期。图书馆史分期与“国史”分期既有一致性也有差异。依据政治因素、经济因素、技术因素和图书馆自身发展的特点，将现当代图书馆史划分为“六阶段”：①1949—1956年，新中国图书馆事业创建与初步发展时期；②1957—1965年，新中国图书馆事业曲折发展时期；③1966—1976年，图书馆事业在“文化大革命”中受到严重破坏的非常时期；④1977—1989年，我国图书馆在改革开放中快速发展的新时期；⑤1990—1999年，图书馆向现代化转型时期；⑥2000—2009年，图书馆事业大发展大繁荣时期。这一分期的创新性在于吸纳了“国史”分期的重要标准和依据，同时又从图书馆自身发展的特点和规律出发，以每一阶段图书馆的历史性进步作为图书馆史分期的依据。参考文献16。 |
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