夏翠娟.中国历史地理数据在图书馆数字人文项目中的开放应用研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2017,43(2):40~53
The Opening and Application of Chinese Historical Geography Data in Digital Humanities Projects of Libraries
中国历史地理数据在图书馆数字人文项目中的开放应用研究
Received:January 26, 2017  
DOI:
Key words:Historical Geography  Digital humanities  GIS  Linked Data
中文关键词:  历史地理学  数字人文  地理信息系统  关联数据
基金项目:
Author NameAffiliationE-mail
XIA Cuijuan 上海图书馆 上海 200031 cjxia@libnet.sh.cn,cjxia@libnet.sh.cn 
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Abstract:

    The modern Historical Geography,which integrates History,Geography,and GIS technology,forms a new research method based on “space,” and develops professional and strong historical-geographical data,technologies and platforms. It provides a new perspective for Digital Humanities and cannot be ignored. The purpose of this paper is to improve the application of modern History Geography in the libraries digital humanities projects with the reorganization of Chinese historical and geographical data by the knowledge organization and authority control methods which the library field is good at,and then to narrow the gap between specialized historical geography data and humanistic research in practical applications.

    This paper investigates the application of modern historical geography in humanities research through the methods of literature research and comparative research. Spatially Integrated Humanities and Social Science which is driven by spatial analysis and GIS technology have become the hotspot and frontier in the field of Humanities and Social Science research. This paper investigates the similarities and differences of data modeling,data utilization,data open application in Internet environment of CBDB,CHGIS,CTSS,Sino-family-tree GIS,GeoNames,Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names and other Chinese historical geo-databases (sets).

    The problems,goals,and needs of the application of historical and geographical data in libraries digital humanities projects are also analyzed based on literature research and experimental research. Although the libraries have laid a certain foundation for the digital humanities with the full text and metadata of digital resources,the lack of historical and geographical data related to the literature has made it difficult to integrate and associate resources in the multidimensional space-time framework. However,because of the professionalism and complexity,the existing GIS platforms are difficult to be directly applied to the digital humanities projects in the library. Therefore,Ontology and Linked Data technology are recommended to support historical geography data modeling,publication and open application in the construction of “Chinese historical geography knowledge base”.The innovation of this paper is as follows:Firstly,on the basis of researching the data model of CHGIS,CTSS,CBDB and Sino-family-tree GIS,aiming at ease of use and extensibility,the spatial-temporal model of historical and geographical data is designed by using ontology method,which clearly distinguishes between the place and place name,clarifies the change of place names in different temporal,and the relationship between these changes and locations. The concept of “event” is introduced to model the changes of place or place names,and the time data associated with places and place names was encapsulated in “events”. Secondly,the paper puts forward the construction plan of “Chinese historical geography knowledge base” based on Linked Data,and provides the technical realization guide on the data publication and data open application,and puts forward three kinds of Linked Data consumption technology:“content negotiation,Restful API and SPARQL Endpoint”.〖JP.

    The spatial-temporal data model of Chinese historical geographic data proposed in this paper mainly adopts the knowledge organization and the authority control method in the field of the library. It is different from the data modeling method in the field of historical geography. It needs more practice to be further improved during the process of large historical geography data mapping and conversion. 4 figs. 3 tabs. 24 refs.

中文摘要:
      利用文献调研、数据建模、比较研究、实验研究等方法,在调研和比较CBDB项目、复旦大学史地所、台湾地区“中研院”GIS研究中心等中国历史地理数据库的建设及利用情况的基础上,分析图书馆数字人文项目建设中涉及历史地理数据时遇到的困境、目标和需求,探索在图书馆的数字人文项目建设中引入现代历史地理学的研究成果,利用知识组织和规范控制方法重组历史地理数据,实现历史地理数据在图书馆领域开放应用的目标,拉近历史地理学与人文社会科学研究者等图书馆用户之间的距离。本文重点研究历史地理数据在图书馆领域内的开放共享以及提供数据开放应用服务的方法,探索更为通用和大众化的时空数据模型及基于知识本体和关联数据技术的实现方案。图4。表3。参考文献24。
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