夏翠娟.面向人文研究的“数据基础设施”建设 ——试论图书馆学对数字人文的方法论贡献[J].中国图书馆学报,2020,46(3):24~37
The Construction of “Data Infrastructure” for Humanities Research:The Methodological Contribution of Library Science to Digital Humanities
面向人文研究的“数据基础设施”建设 ——试论图书馆学对数字人文的方法论贡献
Received:February 07, 2020  
DOI:
Key words:Digital humanities  Data infrastructure  Bibliographic control  Authority control  Knowledge organization  Evidence-based practice on literature
中文关键词:  数字人文  数据基础设施  书目控制  规范控制  知识组织  文献循证
基金项目:本文系国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目“支撑城市记忆项目的‘数据基础设施’理论建构与实践探索”(编号:19BTQ007)的研究成果之一
Author NameAffiliation
XIA Cuijuan 上海图书馆 上海 200031 
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Abstract:
Digital Humanities is not only the innovation of the research paradigm of humanities research but also means a brand-new mode of knowledge production and knowledge communication Therefore,there comes a trend that it needs to combine researchers and research institutions in various fields,as well as the cultural memory institutions such as Galleries,Libraries,Archives,Museums (GLAM)to build Digital Humanities infrastructure to support new research paradigm,knowledge production and knowledge communication This paper aims to explore how to build Digital Humanities infrastructure,clarify the roles,tasks and contributions of various responsible subjects,especially GLAM institutions,so as to help libraries to identify the role,orientation,advantages and become an indispensable organic unit in the whole Digital Humanities infrastructure By using the methods of literature research,requirements analysis,case study and practical verification,the concept “Data Infrastructure” is separated from “Research Infrastructure” and defined It is considered that the “Data Infrastructure” of Digital Humanities is based on the “data”,which fully embodies the characteristics of large scale,long time coverage,wide geographical scope,small description granularity and multiple dimensions of “data” It is an open,public and sustainable “middle-end” data platform which is independent of specific application development and research in specific fields and between the “background” of information infrastructure and the “front-end” of research in specific fields Based on the investigation of the current situation of theoretical research and practical application of infrastructure in the fields of humanities and GLAM,this paper analyzes the general functional requirements and technical specifications of “Data Infrastructure” for Digital Humanities research,including four aspects:cross institutional co construction and sharing,cross network open access,cross domain knowledge consilience,and cross space-time version iteration Taking the Digital Humanities practice of Shanghai Library as an example,this paper demonstrates that the combination of Bibliographic Control,Authority Control,Knowledge Organization,Evidence-based practise methods and Linked Data, Knowledge Graph, and Big Data technology is expected to provide some methodological contribution to the construction of “Data Infrastructure” At the same time,that the GLAM institutions have accumulated massive,structured and standardized open data and resource integration experience lays the foundation for the construction of “Data Infrastructure” Finally,the following conclusions are drawn:the specific research work should be handed over to the humanities researchers GLAM institutions are committed to strengthening the application of new technologies,promoting data openness,interconnection and knowledge consilience,building a public,open and sustainable “Data Infrastructure”,and providing new research paradigm,knowledge production and knowledge communication to support humanities research Those are what GLAM institutions should and can do in the Digital Humanities tide However,this paper puts forward the concept,definition,general functional requirements and technical specifications of “Data Infrastructure”,the demonstrated contribution of library methodology,and the role of institutions in the construction of Digital Humanities Data Infrastructure,which need to be discussed in depth with more GLAM practitioners and researchers in specific fields and further tested during the practice in the future 2 figs 28 refs.
中文摘要:
      数字人文不仅革新了人文研究的范式,还意味着全新的知识生产方式和知识交流模式。联合各领域的研究者和研究机构,包括各类美术馆、图书馆、档案馆、博物馆(GLAM)等文化记忆机构建设数字人文基础设施,以支撑新的研究范式、知识生产方式和知识交流模式,已经成为共同的呼声。探讨如何建设数字人文基础设施,厘清各种责任主体尤其是GLAM机构在数字人文基础设施建设中扮演何种角色、承担何种任务、做出何种贡献,有利于帮助图书馆找准角色定位,发挥自身优势,成为整个数字人文基础设施建设中不可或缺的有机构成单位。利用文献调研、需求分析、案例调研、实践验证等方法,将“数据基础设施”从“研究基础设施”中剥离出来并作出定义;分析面向人文研究的“数据基础设施”的一般性功能需求和技术规范,包括跨机构的共建共享、跨网域的开放获取、跨领域的知识融通、跨时空的版本迭代四个方面。以上海图书馆的数字人文实践为例,从原理和实践两个层面论证图书馆的书目控制、规范控制、知识组织、文献循证方法和关联数据、知识图谱、大数据等技术结合起来,有望为“数据基础设施”的建设提供一定的方法论贡献。联合各类机构加强新技术的应用,推进数据开放互联和知识融通,建设公共性、开放性、持续性的“数据基础设施”,是GLAM机构在数字人文大潮中应尽而可尽的责任。图2。参考文献28。
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