| 王芳,卜昊昊.科学数据管理政策发展比较研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2022,48(6):77~96 |
| A Comparative Study on Policy Development for Scientific Data Management |
| 科学数据管理政策发展比较研究 |
| Received:December 14, 2021 |
| DOI： |
| Key words:Scientific data Data management Data policy Data life cycle Policy elements |
| 中文关键词: 科学数据 数据管理 数据政策 数据生命周期 政策要素 |
| 基金项目:本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于数据共享与知识复用的数字政府智能化治理研究”（编号:20ZDA039）的研究成果之一 |
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| Abstract: |
With the continuous development of e Science and data intensive scientific research paradigm,scientific data generated from and applied to scientific research activities have become a kind of strategic asset that promotes scientific and technological progress,facilitates economic innovation and safeguards national security. In the past two decades,many countries have issued policies to promote the management,sharing and reuse of scientific data. Research on these policies has also attracted increasing research interests,and quite a few of comparative studies that focus on some specific policies have been conducted. However,research that gives consideration to both macro policy system and micro policy content is still lacking. To make up for this research deficiency,this study conducts a systematic examination of a big policy data set with mixed research methods.
From the perspective of policy development,this study constructs an analytical framework for policies of scientific data management（SDM）by combing the theory of data life cycle and the theory of policy elements. By adopting research methods of statistics,term extraction and qualitative content analysis,this study examines and compares the development history,policy themes,responsibility of stakeholders,and key content elements of 181 SDM policies issued by the United States,the United Kingdom,Australia and China.
It is found that although great progress has been made in SDM policy making in China in the past decade,there is still some room for policy improvement in regard of policy quantity,stipulation of responsibilities of stakeholders,policy revisions and updating,thematic coverage and the elaboration of specific policy provisions. The main problems existing in SDM policy system are identified as follows:1）The system of SDM policies is incomplete,and policies made by universities and research funders are obviously insufficient；2）The provisions on critical elements of SDM are not elaborated enough,which may weaken the operability of some policies；3）The natural connection between scientific data and scientific and technological archives has been ignored,and the long term value of data may be weakened；4）The guarantee mechanisms,especially the punishment ones for better SDM have not been fully provided；5）Key things mentioned by some policies are not clearly defined,which may hinder the coordination between policies；6）The dynamic updating of policies is ignored；7）Policy stakeholders and their responsibilities have not been clarified enough
Based on these research results,a few recommendations are put forward:1）It is necessary for China to build a better SDM policy system that is guided by the government and supported by research funding institutions,universities,research institutions,academic publishers and other research organizations. Universities,in particular,should pay more attention to SDM and accelerate the pace of policy formulation. 2）Promote coordination between the policies of SDM and that of scientific and technological archives,and advance integrated management and services of different information resources. 3）Refine the provisions on key elements of SDM to ensure the quality and reuse value of scientific data. 4）Improve the consistency between SDM policies and other related laws and policies and strengthen the guarantee mechanisms for long term SDM. 4 figs. 1 tab. 78 refs.
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| 中文摘要: |
为推进我国科学数据管理政策体系的完善和政策内容的深化细化,有必要对国内外科学数据管理政策的发展状况进行全面调研、比较和分析。本文从政策发展视角出发,借鉴数据生命周期理论和政策要素理论,构建科学数据管理政策分析框架,采用统计描述、定量主题分析与定性内容分析方法,从政策发展历程、政策利益相关者责任、政策主题相似度及关键内容要素等方面对美国、英国、澳大利亚和中国的181份科学数据管理政策进行分析与比较。研究发现,近年来我国科学数据管理政策制定步伐大大加快,但是在颁布主体、政策数量、动态修订、利益相关者责任分配、政策主题侧重、关键政策内容要素等方面仍有不足。建议未来应建立以政府部门为引导、多主体支撑的科学数据管理政策体系；细化对关键政策要素的规定,保障科学数据的质量与复用价值；推进资源整合,注重科学数据与科技档案的关联归档与协同管理；加强政策协同,强化科学数据管理的保障机制。图4。表1。参考文献78。
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