文章摘要

王军.从公共图书馆到公共智能:公共知识媒介演化及人文学术范式转型[J].中国图书馆学报,2026,52(2):91~106
从公共图书馆到公共智能:公共知识媒介演化及人文学术范式转型
From Public Libraries to Public Intelligence:The Media Evolution of Public Knowledge and the Transformation of Humanities Research Paradigms
投稿时间：2025-09-08  修订日期：2026-03-13
DOI：
中文关键词: 公共图书馆  公共智能  公共知识  大语言模型  媒介演化  数字人文
英文关键词: Public libraries  Public intelligence  Public knowledge  Large language models  Media evolution  Digital humanities
基金项目:
作者单位
王军 北京大学信息管理系 北京 100871 
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中文摘要:
      本文从知识媒介演化的历史视角出发,辨析人工智能技术,特别是大语言模型出现的历史条件。梳理自古腾堡活字印刷术以来人类信息环境的三次历史性跃迁:从印刷文献时代的“公共图书馆”,到网络化信息时代的“公共知识”,再到人工智能时代的“公共智能”。通过对印刷技术、互联网与Web 20、开放数据文化及大语言模型等公共知识媒介演化的分析,结合北京大学数字人文研究中心的实践案例,探讨智能技术对人文学科研究资料、研究工具与研究议题的重构作用。人工智能的出现并非偶然,而是开放文化、知识共建与技术演进长期交互作用的历史必然。在“公共智能”的支撑下,人文研究呈现出资料获取的穷尽化、资料形态的结构化及处理单元的原子化趋势,不仅极大地扩展了研究的问题空间,也推动了方法论层面上诠释与计算的深度融合,预示着学术范式正朝向“人机共生”的模式演化。图5。参考文献22。
英文摘要:
From a historical perspective of media evolution,this paper explores the profound transformation in contemporary knowledge production and dissemination brought by artificial intelligence（AI）,particularly “public intelligence,” represented by large language models（LLMs）. It traces three historical transitions in the human information environment since the invention of Gutenberg printing press and reveals the interplay between technology,society,and knowledge structures. In the middle of the 15th century,the popularization of Gutenberg's movable type printing established a paper based information environment,promoting the emergence of “public libraries” and shaping the basic model of knowledge dissemination in modern society. At the end of the 20th century,the popularization of the Internet led to a major transformation of the human information environment from print based media to digital and networked systems. Web 20 technologies gave birth to the “open data” culture of the Internet,fostering the “public knowledge” mechanism and becoming the cultural foundation for the construction of AI technologies such as LLMs. Today,AI,especially generative AI based on LLMs,is a key technology for reshaping the knowledge structure once again,becoming a “public intelligent agent” accessible to all members of society. The knowledge sharing mechanism of human society has entered a new stage:“public intelligence” will become a new type of infrastructure for knowledge sharing,following public libraries and public knowledge spaces.
Drawing on research and practices from the Peking University Center for Digital Humanities,this paper analyzes how intelligent technologies reshape research paradigms,tools,and topics in the humanities. The study concludes that the emergence of AI is a historical inevitability driven by the long term interaction among open culture,collaborative knowledge construction,and technological advancement. With the support of “public intelligence,” humanities research is exhibiting trends toward the exhaustiveness of data acquisition,the structuring of information,and the atomization of processing units. This has not only greatly expanded the problem space of research but has also promoted a deeper integration of interpretation and computation at the methodological level,indicating that the academic paradigm is evolving toward a model of human machine symbiosis. 5 figs. 22 refs.
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