Page 190 - JOURNAL OF LIBRARY SCIENCE IN CHINA 2018 Vol. 42

Extended English abstracts of articles published in the Chinese edition of Journal of Library Science in China 2016 Vol.42 189

and Yuan Dynasties. The silk fabrics made with letter pressing excavated in the Han Dynasty Tomb
1 in Mawangdui in Changsha, and the copper relief block and textiles excavated in the Tomb of
Nanyue King in the Guangzhou Province are exemplars.
However, woodblock printing was not used to print books for a long time due to social and
economic development levels. More directly, it was related to the development of culture,
education and religion before the Sui and Tang Dynasties. That is, the social demands for
large-scale printing of materials had not taken shape. Therefore, the application of woodblock
printing was not driven by sufficient demands and the market environment was not ready.
Woodblock printing was used to printing books primarily because of three factors. The first was
the social demand for religious books. The second was the promotion of education due to the
imperial examination system and the demand for massive production of specific examination
books. The third was the great demand for necessities in daily life such as calendars and
dictionaries which must be printed easily and inexpensive. Therefore, the application and
promotion of woodblock printing was more the result of social development than technological
development.
Plenty of materials have shown that woodblock printing was widely used to produce books in
no later than the early Tang Dynasty in China when the stencil and ink printing techniques had
become mature. At first sealing was used and later brushing was developed as contents to be
printed became more complex.

Differences of citing behavior over time and across fields in China:A
diachronous analysis

①a *
YANG Siluo ,QIU Junping,DING Jingda & YU Houqiang
Citing is a fundamental academic behavior among scholars; the distribution and change of citing
behavior has been studied extensively by information scientists. In this paper,we analyze and
compare the difference of the received citations in discipline level over a period of time and across
fields in China by implementing the diachronous methods of bibliometrics. Citations of 896,645
papers from the Chinese Citation Database(1994 to 2013)and from four disciplines,namely,P
hilosophy,Library and Information Science (LIS),Physics,and Mechanical Engineering,are
collected. We focus on the following:1)the general differences of citation distributions among
disciplines,2)the citation or uncitedness characteristic of papers published in different years
(for example,papers published in 2000,2001,2002...are cited respectively after 5 years,that
is,2004,2005,2006...),and 3)the citation characteristic of papers cited in different years (for
example,a paper published in 2000 is cited in 2000,2001,2002...).
Results indicate the following conclusions. 1)The growth of published papers is generally
* Correspondence should be addressed to YANG Siluo,Email:58605025@qq.com,ORCID:0000-0003-3228-1102