| 刘雯.19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2018,44(5):114~129 |
| 19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究 |
| American Sunday School Libraries in the 19th Century |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 主日学校图书馆 儿童图书馆 公共图书馆 美国图书馆史 |
| 英文关键词: Sunday school library Juvenile library Public library American library history |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
美国主日学校图书馆是十九世纪基督教传教活动的一种辅助设施,以向儿童进行宗教和伦理教化为主要目的。作为公共图书馆兴起以前重要的图书馆形态,其定位、功能与作用值得系统深入的研究。主日学校图书馆的创设始于19世纪初期,1850年左右成为美国提供宗教文献和儿童读物的主要渠道,其广泛建立和发展一直持续到1880年,之后日渐式微。主日学校图书馆藏书重点由宗教文献向通俗童书过渡；分类编目处于草创阶段,较为粗略；读者服务规章严格,以闭架借阅为主；率先向儿童免费开放,是儿童图书馆事业的基石；培养儿童阅读习惯,促进了美国基础教育的发展；突破阶级、种族和性别壁垒,促进了公共图书馆民主、平等与包容等服务理念的形成；遍布美国各地,奠定了农村图书馆事业发展的基础。表1。参考文献38。
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| 英文摘要: |
American Sunday school libraries in the 19th century, as an activity of Protestant Christian mission, provided Christian and moral education for children. They were established in the early 19th century and became the main channel for the dissemination of religious literature and children's books in the United States around 1850. After 1880, they gradually declined. As an important library type before the rise of public libraries, their aims, functions and contributions are to be investigated carefully in order to promote the research of American library history and comparative librarianship.
Based on the first hand historical materials such as existent Sunday school library catalogues, American Sunday school union reports and their meeting records, combined with subsequent works, the study aims at analyzing American Sunday school libraries development, their operating characteristics and their historical contributions. Conclusions are as follows. 1) Sunday school libraries experienced the historical process of generation, expansion, prosperity and decline in the 19th century. The symbolic event of their origin was the 54 books given to Ms. Adams by Mr Walley, who founded Boston's first Sunday school in 1812. During the second half of the 19th century, the development of Sunday school libraries reached its peak. Their religious overtones waned and secular tendencies strengthened by the end of the 19th century, and the competitions from public libraries, social libraries, private collections, and school libraries made them less attractive and declined sharply. 2)They showed the gradual improvement of American librarianship with more flexible means of borrowing,enlarging collections and increasing readers. Their readers were made up of Sunday school teachers and scholars, as well as brethren of the church , which later expanded to all denominations. 3)Sunday school library movement had significant contributions, especially to children's libraries and rural libraries. The Christian idea of “All men are equal to each other as brothers and sisters” constituted the spiritual connotation of modern public libraries. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, American children's libraries developed rapidly and kept ahead of other countries, largely owing to the positive effects of Sunday school libraries. Therefore, Sunday school libraries deserve to be called the pioneer of the American children's librarianship. In addition, they offered educational opportunities for those who could not enjoy compulsory education. By the end of the 19th century, American public libraries were founded mainly in cities. Therefore, the reading needs of rural people were mainly satisfied by Sunday school libraries. As a result, their historical status in the development of grass roots libraries should not be denied or undervalued. Although they have become a thing of past, their achievements should be respected.
It is innovative that Sunday school libraries are comprehensively studied in China for the first time. This paper focuses on the analysis of their close associations with American elementary education, children's libraries, public libraries and rural libraries so as to promote the understanding of early American libraries. From the perspective of Christian doctrine exploring the origins of public libraries and the Sunday school libraries roles in rural librarianship is the main contributions of the paper. In summary, We should evaluate their status in American library history objectively. 1 tab. 38 refs.
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