| 牛力,高晨翔,张宇锋,闫石,徐拥军.发现、重构与故事化:数字人文视角下档案研究的路径与方法[J].中国图书馆学报,2021,47(1):88~107 |
| 发现、重构与故事化:数字人文视角下档案研究的路径与方法 |
| Discovering,Reorganizing and Storytelling: Paths and Methods of Archives Research on the Perspective of Digital Humanities |
| 投稿时间：2020-05-22 修订日期：2020-07-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 数字人文 档案数据 档案叙事 知识组织 知识图谱 |
| 英文关键词: Digital humanities Archives data Archives narrative Knowledge organization Knowledge graph |
| 基金项目:本文系国家社会科学基金项目“价值导向的档案数据知识发现与服务模式研究”（编号:19BTQ098）的研究成果之一 |
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| 中文摘要: |
数字人文研究体系对图书馆学、情报学与档案学的理念与模式产生了显著影响,给图情档学科带来新的发展空间。目前,数字人文对档案学研究的影响多体现在理论前瞻与对象选择层面。如何推动二者在研究路径与方法层面的深度交互,充分发挥档案学理论与方法的效用,发掘档案资源的多维价值,是数字人文视角下档案研究的核心问题。本研究首先分析数字人文环境下档案研究路径与方法变迁的依据及映射机制,在此基础上提出以“发现”“重构”和“故事化”三原语为主线的档案研究路径基本模式,形成数字人文视角下档案研究的方法论体系。其次,基于档案价值视角将三原语操作化为具体的技术序列,形成数字人文视角下档案研究的微观技术系统。最后,以吴宝康档案数据为案例对象,对所提方法论及技术体系的有效性进行检验。数字人文视角下档案研究的路径与方法重组,将对档案学理论、实践方式以及学科间的深层交互产生一定影响。图11。表2。参考文献40。
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| 英文摘要: |
Digital humanities （DH） aims to solve problems in humanities by using digital ideas and technologies in the fields of computers and the Internet. Nowadays,DH has a significant impact on the concepts and models of Library,Archival & Information Science （LIS）. However,compared to Library & Information Science,Archival Science has neither comprehensively accepted the ideas and technologies from DH nor revealed its value in research paths and methods to DH. In some DH researches,archives are only the secondary resources or objects while the results or conclusions of these researches are not related to Archival Science. Thus,it is an essential to promote in depth interaction between DH and Archival Science at the level of research methodology and to mine archives value from the multidimensional perspective.
By integrating the concepts and technologies,this paper puts forward a two tiers framework in the paths and methods of archives research on the perspective of DH. First,based on theories and practices of archival science,the authors analyze the theoretical basis and mapping mechanism of archives research in DH background including some core elements such as philosophy basis,research objects,service models and,etc. Second,through reviewing papers and ideas of multi disciplines,a new model of archives research paths has been proposed. We define the archives research paths as the three core primitives called discovering,reorganizing and storytelling. Specifically,discovering is deconstructed to three sub primitives containing positioning,contexts recognizing and mining in order to discover all the memory entities and their relationships in archives resource without any prejudice. Reorganizing includes static relating and dynamic clustering,which are implemented by building knowledge organization models such as Simple Event Ontology （SEM） and International Council on Archives Records in Contexts Ontology （ICA RiC-O） as well as adding semantic labels to represent an entity from different perspectives. User detecting,framework constructing and archives narrating are fused as storytelling to furthering the distant reading of archives resources. Third,correspondingly,the authors operate the three primitives to data processing technologies from the perspective of archives value:1） Maintaining the value,aiming to transform multi modal archives to archives data. 2） Mining the value,focusing on the dynamic and flexible knowledge organization of archives data. 3） Realizing the value,paying attention to the contextual and immersive narrative of archives data. Then,this paper selects archives data sets of archivist Wu Baokang as research case to validate the rationality and effectiveness of the paths and methods proposed above,and tries to tell some stories about Wu Baokang with different topics. Ultimately,we find that the new paths and methods of archives research on the perspective of DH could demonstrate the lofty beliefs and academic qualities of the older generation LIS scholars in New China.
In the follow up research,we will focus on the limitations and problems,pay attention to the collection and organization of archives with multiple types and sources. We will also set some standards about user participation in archives data description and organization while asking users opinions related to our knowledge discovery and service platform. In conclusion,we believe that the paths and methods mentioned above will induce more thinking about the archives resources development and archival science research. Scholars from library & information science and archival science should discover more consistent research methods and interests in DH environment. 11 figs. 2 tabs. 40 refs.
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