| 盛小平,袁圆.科学数据开放共享中的数据权利治理研究[J].中国图书馆学报,2021,47(5):80~96 |
| 科学数据开放共享中的数据权利治理研究 |
| Data Rights Governance in Open Sharing of Scientific Data |
| 投稿时间：2020-09-28 修订日期：2021-08-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 科学数据 开放共享 数据权利 治理对策 |
| 英文关键词: Scientific data Open sharing Data rights Governance countermeasures |
| 基金项目:本文系国家社会科学基金重点项目“开放科学环境下的科学数据开放共享机制与对策研究”（编号:18ATQ007）的研究成果之一 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 科学数据开放共享是我国实施大数据战略的重要组成部分,明确与尊重数据主体权利是实施科学数据开放共享的前提。在当前科学数据开放共享实践中,数据权属并不明确,存在数据确权、数据侵权、数据维权三方面的数据权利问题。其中,数据确权问题主要是指数据权属缺少相关法律界定,数据权属未在理论上形成统一认识,数据确权成本高；数据侵权问题包含数据具体人格权侵权问题、数据一般人格权侵权问题和数据财产权侵权问题；数据维权问题主要表现为缺乏数据维权所需的专门法律,国家之间存在数据维权障碍,数据维权成本高。针对这些问题,本文从法律、技术与管理三个维度构建科学数据开放共享中的数据权利治理框架与治理体系,包含针对数据确权问题的九种治理对策、针对数据侵权问题的十种治理对策和针对数据维权问题的六种治理对策。图1。表1。参考文献62。 |
| 英文摘要: |
The open sharing of scientific data is an important part of the implementation of big data strategy in China. Clarifying and respecting the rights of data subjects is the premise of implementing open sharing of scientific data. However,in the current practice of open sharing of scientific data,data ownership is not clear,and there are three data rights problems,namely,data right confirmation,infringement and protection. Among them,the problems of data right confirmation mainly refer to the lack of relevant legal definition of data right ownership,the lack of unified understanding of data right attributions theoretically,and the high cost of data right confirmation; the problems of data rights infringement include infringement of specific personality rights of data （such as infringements of data privacy right,data reputation right and data portrait right）,infringement of general personality rights of data（such as infringement of right to know,data consent right,data erasure right） and infringement of data property rights （such as infringement of data access right,data collection right,data portability right and data storage right）; and the problems of data rights protection mainly include lack of specific laws required to safeguard data rights,some barriers to data rights protection among countries,and high cost of data rights protection. In view of these problems of data rights,this paper constructs a data rights governance framework and governance system for open sharing of scientific data from three aspects of law,technology and management. The governance system contains 9 kinds of governance countermeasures to problems of data rights confirmation （such as accelerating the construction of laws and regulations related to confirmation of data rights,adopting data citation analysis technology,and signing contracts with clear data rights and responsibilities）,10 kinds of governance countermeasures to problems of data rights infringement （such as appropriate adjustment and improvement of the Tort Liability Law,adopting differential privacy technology,and improving liability mechanisms of data tort）,6 kinds of governance countermeasures to data rights protection （such as formulating specific laws for the protection of data rights,adopting electronic forensics technology,improving liability mechanisms of data proof）. 1 fig. 1 tab. 62 refs.
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