| 刘炜,谢蓉,张磊,张永娟.面向人文研究的国家数据基础设施建设[J].中国图书馆学报,2016,42(5):29~39 |
| Towards a National Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities |
| 面向人文研究的国家数据基础设施建设 |
| Received:August 31, 2016 Revised:July 14, 2016 |
| DOI：10.13530/j.cnki.jlis.160022 |
| Key words:Digital humanities Infrastructure Digital library |
| 中文关键词: 数字人文 基础设施 数字图书馆 |
| 基金项目:本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向大数据的数字图书馆移动视觉搜索机制及应用研究”(编号:15ZDB126)的研究成果之一 |
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| Abstract: |
Like natural sciences and social sciences research, the humanities research is undergoing a data driven paradigm transition towards the formation of so called “Digital Humanities”. With the new paradigms, research materials, methods and approaches, procedures, forms of collaboration and communication among scholars are experiencing dramatic changes.“Data science” provides a methodological basis for these changes. The infrastructure to support research activities also need to be transformed or re established. The new humanities research platform is based on data and method oriented, providing an integrated data resource management, big data analysis, visualization and smart services. These changes will promote data applications and collaborative research which enables researchers to raise questions in unimaginable scale and dimensions.
At present, there are three models for research libraries to launch digital humanities projects, namely Resources Based Model, DH Lab Model and Scholar Publisher Model. Libraries, museums, archives and other cultural heritage institutions should upgrade their large scale digital collections built in two decades (usually called digital library system) to become a digital humanities research platform. It is an important part of the national data infrastructure for humanities research, which makes collections continue to play a great role in digital age.
Digital Humanities infrastructure can beat the national level, or at the regional/institutional level. At the national level the following are recommended: 1)Develop the DH research plan, and establish DH research fund; 2)Publish the humanities data construction directory and the project development guideline, and gradually foster a comprehensive or specific DH research center; 3)Establish registration systems for the DH big data platform; 4)Develop subject/domain basic data demonstration platform; 5)Develop instrumental datasets, and provide basic data services on request to the public for free; 6)Enacting open data sharing policies to encourage crowdsourcing and open access; 7) Educate data librarian and train data personnel to curate and analyze data; 8)Strengthen international exchanges and integrate into a comprehensive national and global data infrastructure. At the institutional level, all types of libraries and cultural memory institutions are able to contribute to infrastructure building while carrying out their own research and developmental projects. It requires the industry to build a certain coordination mechanisms and follow certain technical standards and protocols. 1 fig. 3 tabs. 13 refs.
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| 中文摘要: |
| 人文科学研究正在向以数据为驱动的新型研究模式转型,形成所谓“数字人文”研究新范式。“数据科学”为这些变化提供了方法论基础,支撑研究活动的基础设施也需要经过改造或重新建立。新的人文研究平台以数据为基础,以方法为导向,提供统一的数据资源管理、大数据分析、可视化展示和智慧型服务。这些变化将带来更大范围和深度的数据资料的应用和协同研究,将使研究人员以过去难以想象的尺度和维度提出问题。数字人文基础设施建设可以是国家层面的,也可以是地区行业或组织机构层面的。图书馆、博物馆、档案馆等人类记忆和文化遗产机构近20年来馆藏内容大规模数字化,可以通过升级为数字人文研究平台,转型为数字人文基础设施的重要组成部分,继续在数字时代发挥其巨大的价值。图1。表3。参考文献13。 |
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