Page 152 - JOURNAL OF LIBRARY SCIENCE IN CHINA 2018 Vol. 42

HUA Bolin / Types and description rules of knowledge elements about methods in academic papers 151

use rules like “... is a type of ...” to extract such relations. There is another situation in which a dash
is used. For example, “we introduced a new co-occurrence clustering method - maximum frequent
item set mining from association rule mining”. Table 2 shows a-kind-of relation description rules
and examples.
In the recognition of a-kind-of relation description, there are certain difficulties. They are the
recognition of pseudo-relations and the missing hypernyms. Sentence structures like “... is a kind
of ...”may describe relations between methods as well as the definition on one method. For some
methods, we cannot find its hypernyms, for example. “This paper is an exploratory research, and
the result should be corroborated by other methods, for example, literature co-citation and author
co-citation methods can be used to verify and rectify the conclusion.” Based on the idea of the
social network, author co-citation relations can be further extended to a network. Thus network
structure analysis, degree and centrality analysis as well as agglomeration method can be carried
out to conduct an in-depth exploration of specific areas of the author’s influence in certain fields.
The study can not only promote and advance the field, but also serve as a reference.

Table 2. Static relation description rules and examples
Rule Example
人际竞争情报网络动态分析从本质上讲是一种网络分析方法
The interpersonal competitive intelligence network dynamic analysis is a network analysis
method in nature
…方法+是|属于….的一 本文主要讨论术语的共现分析，又称共词分析，它属于内容分析方法的一种，不过本文
种 提出的方法同样适用于其他研究对象的共现分析，如文献共引分析、文献作者共著分析
*** method is a (kind of) 等
** This paper mainly discusses co-occurrence analysis of terms, also referred to co-word analysis,
is a kind of content analysis method.However, the method proposed in this paper also applies to
the study of co-occurrence for other objects, such as literature co-citation analysis, literature co-
author analysis
聚类算法根据算法的不同划分为不同的类型，如基于划分的方法，基于层次的方法，基
[根据|按照…]可把…划 于密度的方法，基于网格的方法和基于模型的方法
分为….几类，如|分别 According to the algorithms adopted, clustering algorithms can be categorized into many
是|具体有…, different types, e.g. partition based method, level-based method, density-based method, grid-
According to ***, ***ca based method and model-based method
be categorized into ***, 现有的专利本体构建方法有三种思路：分别是自顶向下法、自底向上法、中间扩展法
i.e. There are three approaches for constructing thepatent ontology, i.e. top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top
and middle-expanding approach
根据消歧知识来源的不同，语义消歧可分为基于知识的方法和基于统计的方法，基于知
识的方法又可细分为基于规则的方法和基于词典的方法
Based on different sources of disambiguation knowledge, semantic disambiguation can be
….分为…等[几类]， categorized into theknowledge-based method and the statistics-based methods. The knowledge-
*** can be categorized based method can be further categorized into the rule-based method and the dictionary-based
into method
目前的文本聚类方法主要有划分聚类、层次聚类和自组织映射法等
Currently, text clustering method can be categorized into partition clustering, hierarchy
clustering and self-organization mapping