Page 66 - JOURNAL OF LIBRARY SCIENCE IN CHINA 2018 Vol. 44

ZHAO Yuxiang / A preliminary exploration on citizen science projects based on scientific crowdsourcing perspectives: 065
Conceptualization, pattern design and research opportunities

crowdsourcing activities. Secondly, from the angle of organization and society, realistic demands
and feasible tasks drive the development of scientific crowdsourcing. And a growing number of
scientific research projects require mass participation at multiple levels, and properly decomposed
and designed tasks can also better reduce users’ engagement barriers and entry barriers. Finally,
in terms of technology, the innovation of mobile Internet and the popularization of intelligent
terminals have accelerated the development of scientific crowdsourcing.The public can record,
capture, create and share data and information of different granularity and categories with various
ICT devices whenever and wherever possible, and communicate and collaborate with the help of
social media (see Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Core driving force of scientific crowdsourcing.

2.2 Features and categories of scientific crowdsourcing

The traditional crowdsourcing model is mainly embodied in two types, namely, crowdsourcing
competition and wiki collaboration (Zhao & Zhu, 2014a). The former emphasizes the optimization
of the scheme and is mainly driven by external motivation and stimulation while the latter focuses
on the convergence of results and is mainly generated by internal motivation and stimulation. These
two modes, however, have great theoretical and practical gaps in the decomposition, coordination,
cooperation and collaboration of crowdsourcing participants. Firstly, scientific crowdsourcing
tasks exceed a great many commercial crowdsourcing tasks in the light of complexity, granularity,
and attribute structure. Tasks that are not properly designed and disassembled are often difficult to
understand and accept by the general public, thus affecting the execution and completion of tasks.
Secondly, as scientific crowdsourcing involves different participants and organizations, it often
takes more time and energy to communicate and coordinate multiple interests and needs. From the