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and reproduction of knowledge will shift from academic journals and papers (research results)
to scientific data and preprint (research process) (Miyairi, 2014). Some countries have treated
research data equal to publications which are qualified to apply for governments’ programs or
awards. Open science will come true if research data is considered equal to publications and exerts
a great impact on scientific discovery and economic development.
In October, 2015 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
issued Making Open Science a Reality, which marked that policies began to put open science
into agenda (Hayashi, 2016). On March 20, 2017 EU published Open Science Monitor (2017).
Open science is one of the three cores of EU’s policies on research, science and innovation. EU
advances open science and encourages other countries to share open resources. Decision-makers,
researchers, sponsors, libraries and publishing institutions can acquire related statistics and trend
reports.
Open access boosts the transformation of libraries. Some scholars pointed out that although
the relationship between open science and libraries was still uncertain, changes in knowledge
environment that libraries depended on would inevitably influence the management and services
of libraries (Xie & W. Liu, 2017). Meanwhile, open access promotes reflections on current digital
libraries models, which demands that digital libraries reach beyond to integrate with social,
economic and cultural development and adapt to new environment of data-intensive scientific
discovery. On March 8, 2017 Digital Repository Federation (DRF) dissolved and was replaced
by Japan Confederation of Open Access Repositories (JPCOAR). It is not the matter of change of
name, but an overall elevation. The union of library community is elevated to union of multiple
disciplines (Nitta, 2017).
With the advancement of open access, digital libraries develop further. In March, 2017 OCLC
issued the first report of the Realities of Research Data Management. The report was based on
case studies of University of Edinburgh (UK), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (US),
Monash University (Australia) and Wageningen University & Research (the Netherlands). The
result showed that data management had become a new domain in higher education and functioned
to fulfill researchers’ demands on data management (OCLC, 2017). Research data refer to those
digital data stored in computers and non-digital data which can be converted to digital form
produced in scientific research. Management of research data running through the whole research
life cycle refers to all managing activities related to data such as access, plan, organization, storing,
sharing, analysis, use, protection and so on. Management of research data is usually undertook by
academic libraries. It has varying names, such as Data Management, Data Management Service,
Research Data Management Service, Data Curation, and etc. Libraries’ participation indicates that
it is the trend of libraries’ development to adapt to new scientific paradigm led by data driving (G.F.
Liu, Lu, & Ruan, 2015).
However, the development of open access does not make much progress in China. Though some
institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences push on it, library community and publishing