Page 223 - Journal of Library Science in China, Vol.47, 2021

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222 Journal of Library Science in China, Vol.13, 2021

the role of scientific knowledge. The science system is regarded as a scientific society where the
scientific community works as the main participants, and the diffusion of existing knowledge is
the driving force to facilitate scientific creation and production. Based on the idea, the concept of
“social computing of science” is proposed to generalize the research on the theories and methods
that focus on the complex, changeable phenomena and issues in the scientific society.
To assist the social computing of science, the general framework of data organization and
modeling is generated. First, we propose a ternary link model to profile the operating process
of the scientific society. The model consists of four types of entities, i.e., the participants, the
locations, the activities, and the knowledge that connected the other three components. Through
the connection among the entities, the operation mode and potential laws of the scientific
society can be more comprehensively reflected and can assist in modeling the scientific society
from multiple perspectives. Then, based on the ternary link model, we analyze the path of data
organization by summarizing the related data and attributes of the four entities. The extraction of
the entities’ attributes is regarded as a classification task, based on which the data fusion method
of the entities is developed. Finally, from the perspective of the multi-layer network, we explore
the relationship among different types of entities, and propose the relationship integration model
for the scientific society. Taking the cases on the interpersonal networks analysis and the cross-
community knowledge diffusion as examples, the paper illustrates the process and advantages of
social computing of science that is based on the fusion of multi-source data.
The originality of this study mainly consists of: 1) A ternary link model is proposed to
conceptualize the components and their relationships in the scientific society, which emphasizes
the influence of knowledge on other elements. 2) The two research scenarios visualize the concept
of social computing of science and provide ideas for the specific application of the proposed
data organization and modeling method. 3) This study can build a bridge between the underlying
data and computing technology, and provide directional guidance for using multi-source data to
comprehensively analyze the composition of scientific society.

Digital nudging: concept and status quo

YU Yiqing, WANG Yucheng & ZHU Qinghua 〇a*

Since Weinmann et al. coined the term Digital Nudging in 2016, a number of studies have looked
into nudges design and demonstrated effectiveness of nudges across multiple digital contexts. In
light of its interdisciplinary nature, the study aims to conceptualize digital nudging and present the
status quo of the research on digital nudging with a focus on the theoretical foundations of nudges
design and the application of tools in practice so that the study provides new ideas, paradigm and

*Correspondence should be addressed to ZHU Qinghua, Email:qhzhu@nju.edu.cn, ORCID:0000-0002-4879-399X.