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196 Journal of Library Science in China, Vol. 8, 2016

to classify the typical cases of information aggregation researches and practices into several
paradigms. The cases related to information aggregation are collected from the following
sources: the research projects from the iSchools worldwide, the international conference papers
in the field of LIS from 2009 to 2013,the research papers from five LIS international journals
(including: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Journal
of Documentation, Journal of Information Science, Information Processing and Management,
Scientometrics) from 2009 to 2013, the research projects sponsored by both the National Natural
Science Foundation and the National Social Science Fund in China, and the thesis or dissertations
from CNKI. Within this range, this paper selects the typical cases according to data integrity and
representativeness.
After clarifying the concepts of information aggregation, this paper proposes the core elements
of information aggregation as context, relationship and information objects. The main paradigms
of information aggregation are classified as contextual aggregation, semantic aggregation, citation
aggregation, social network aggregation, fine-grained aggregation; their manifestations include
aggregation of situational information for events, aggregation relying on situational information,
personal information aggregation relying on user models, aggregation relying on semantic
networks, aggregation relying on citation or web links, aggregation relying on social network,
aggregation based on information units, aggregation based on information fusion and aggregation
based on knowledge units. Eventually, this paper proposes the development trend of integration
of the five paradigms, i.e. “in-depth aggregation”. Among the core elements of information
aggregation, the context of aggregation would serve as the basis of the other two elements, and
the development of which would lead to the integratively application of multi-paradigms; the
relationships for aggregation relying on concept and entities, citation and social network are
utilized integratively in information aggregation; multi-granularity aggregation of information
objects would be the result of aggregation relying on context and relationship.
The originality of this paper lies in that it proposes the conceptual framework of information
aggregation through clarification, interpretation and expansion of existing concepts or
definitions,the main paradigms of information aggregation and their manifestations based on this
conceptual framework; it further proposes the development trend of in-depth aggregation with
multi-paradigm integration.

Evolution of BIBFRAME core classes

HU Xiaojing ①a *

Bibliographic Framework,a linked data (LD) initiated by the Library of Congress (LC) for the

* Correspondence should be addressed to HU Xiaojing, Email: xjhu@library.ecnu.edu.cn,ORCID: 0000-0002-1703-9724