Page 138 - Journal of Library Science in China, Vol.45, 2019

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Extended English abstracts of articles published in the Chinese edition of Journal of Library Science in China, Vol.45, 2019 137

the fourth level of social intelligence development needs. Based on the above mentioned process,
this article constructed a framework to show how the patrons at different levels interact with
different types of resources collected by librarians to fulfill the purpose of social intelligence
optimization.
The limitations of this research are that some terminology and ideas come from sociology
and philosophy which support the theoretical framework of LIS well but are unable to be tested
by a traditional empirical study, thus, further research is needed to confirm the validity of the
Hierarchies of Social Epistemology Theory.
This research is expected to contribute to developing the foundation of LIS theory and improve
professional awareness amongst librarians.

Several specifications and recommendations for the publication of linked data
〇a *
CHEN Tao〇〇, ZHANG Yongjuan, LIU Wei & ZHU Qinghua
The Five-Star model of open data proposed by Berners-Lee, has been regarded by the industry
as the highest standard for the publication of linked data these years. Publishers should apply the
Five-Star model requirements to pursue high-quality data. However, many datasets published
following the Five-Star model do not bring convenience to consumers. These datasets are more like
black boxes that users have to explore. Scholars in the Aalto University in Finland have proposed a
Seven-Star model of linked data, which is an extension of the Five-Star model in terms of usability
of the dataset. When the dataset is published, the sixth star requires that its corresponding ontology
should also be released, which makes it easy for the user to understand the structure of the dataset.
And the seventh star requires declaring the use of classes and attributes in the ontology of the
dataset, which makes it easy to confirm the data status of the dataset for user.
This article is based on the Seven-Star model. As we all know, the one-star stage specifies
data online, such as image and PDF file; two-star is machine readable, such as Excel file; and
three-star is a relatively simple non-proprietary format, such as CSV file. Not all of these three-
stars are the core of the linked data system, thus they will not be discussed in this article. We
analyze the problems that need to be addressed from the four-star to seven-star models and put
forward corresponding regulatory measures and recommendations in this paper. In the four-star
model which needs to publish dataset with W3C open standards, we propose common technical
specifications on resource URI design, content negotiation, storage and publishing the RDF data
based on the four principles of linked data publication. In terms of data storage, we also propose
that the three data storage methods are universal according to the structure of the dataset. There are
“single graph (SG) mode”, “multi-graph (MG) mode” and “data hub (DH) mode”. The publication

* Correspondence should be addressed to CHEN Tao, Email: tchen@libnet.sh.cn, ORCID: 0000-0002-6609-4914