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clustering. This study gives a calculation method of both direct and indirect association weights of
MEs with reference to Morris’s definition of association weights of multi-relational MEs. Finally,
a multi-relationship extraction and relationship fusion method for topic identification is proposed.
Finally, this paper took genetic engineering vaccine as experimental field, through relational matrix
acquisition algorithm proposed by self-programming, seven types of topic correlation matrices
were extracted and the correlation association matrices were realized by PathSelClus algorithm.
With a comparative analysis, it proves that multi-relations fusion can effectively improve the effect
of topic clustering.
The PathSelClus relationship fusion used in this paper is merely one of various existing multi-
relations fusion methods, and it is highly dependent on expert knowledge. The quality of the
annotation results directly affects the clustering results, and there is no effective way to determine
the number of clusters. We think that much work needs to be done to further the study in the future,
such as, how is the effect of other fusion methods working in topic identification from text? What
will the performance comparison be? At the same time, according to the research objective, we will
explore more fusion methods and integrate them to obtain fusion results with more information.

Library service to older adults in America: History and insights

〇a ∗
XIAO Xue & MIAO Meijuan
American public library service to older adults has had over 70 years’ history since 1941 and its
development and experience can be an important reference for public libraries in China. The paper
aims to review the history, analyzes the characteristics and summarizes the insights for Chinese
public libraries. According to the historical development focus and characteristics of library service
to older adults, the history can be divided into four periods. 1) Starting period (1941-1960s). The
library service to older adults officially started in 1941 in the U.S. and gradually expanded from
single-library-level to library-association-level. National library service agencies for older people
in ALA emerged and corresponding service policy was developed. 2) Deeply exploring period
(1970s-1980s). The library community conducted several large-scale national and regional surveys
on service to older adults in order to examine the status quo of service. Older adults were gradually
considered as a distinct group that needs special service design. Information & Referral service
emerged. 3) Service transforming period (1990s-2005). The service began to transform to Internet-
based information service, and corresponding regulations were changed accordingly. 4) Expanding
and innovating service period (2005-Present). Libraries extended service to older adults aged 50
and over, and emphasized the diversity, activity and creativity of the elderly and provided service
accordingly. Lifelong learning and creative aging were paid much attention to.

* Correspondence should be addressed to XIAO Xue, Email: xiaoxue@nankai.edu.cn, ORCID: 0000-0001-5585-2014