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ZHANG Xiaolin / Disruptive changes and the post-library era: Toward supply-side structure reform of knowledge services 009

Figure 1. Knowledge environment and possible knowledge tools of open science.

Students explore knowledge, discover or experiment possibilities, organize and design solutions
to gain a better understanding of knowledge (Le, Z. X. Wang, Zhang, He, Fu, & Xu, et al, 2016).
Materials related to articles such as data, databases, audios, videos, formulas, charts, computing
or simulation tools, software and bibliographies are reconstructed, operated and displayed, which
even makes texts or PPTs of articles secondary products. The smart campus integrates teaching
materials, research results, teaching process, students’ daily information, management information,
multivariant perceptual information, quantitative analysis of studies, evaluation analysis of
teaching, research competitive analysis and cost accounting to support intelligent perception
and decision. Depending on its knowledge and utilization, the online intelligent information
environment produces more knowledge, which is preliminary for supporting, optimizing and
innovating teaching.
3) Workflow provides new knowledge. Workflow is the new content (Dempsey, 2017). As 2016
Internet Trend Report (2016) pointed out, a complete sports viewing platform should comprise
program schedule, live broadcast, analysis, scores, replays and social media reviews. The platform
should also support personal profile and provide abundant user experience. Thus, by supporting
the user workflow instead of specific products in the workflow, it can create, distribute, utilize