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data controller needs to create and publish a DPIA report in a special format; it has four response
modes of control, acceptance, termination and transfer for different levels of assessment, which can
be used separately or combined. The review is that, after the report is completed, the data controller
should verify whether the data processing has taken corresponding safeguard measures according
to the assessment results when necessary. And the purpose of the review is to monitor continuously.
The EU DPIA strengthens the prevention and control of data risks by establishing data
controllers’ obligations and sophisticated process. On one hand, such arrangements of the system
will help relevant companies to save costs and to gain consumers’ trust and market reputation. On
the other hand, it is beneficial for data subjects to realize the control and protection of their own
data. From the evolution path and development of modes of the EU PIA to DPIA, China has two
alternatives in the legislative mode in the case of data protection impact assessment. The first is
to actively promote industry self-discipline on the basis of national guidance. The second is to
set the data protection impact assessment as mandatory requirement. The EU DPIA can act as
a meaningful reference to the formulation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations on
security risk assessment system for personal information and important data, especially to the scope
of application, nature of assessment, design of process and mechanism of security risk assessment.

Digital humanistic perspective: A study on the visualization of political
network in Song Dynasty based on symbolic analysis
〇a*
YAN Chengxi & WANG Jun〇

The rise of Digital Humanities has aroused widespread concern in the field of social humanities
and history. Although there are controversies about the rationality of the Digital Humanities, it
has been proved by many projects and practices that the way of data-driven human computing
performs quite efficiently on the reconstruction of humanism, both in depth and breadth. This
research has extracted all historical figures and their political relations (“political confrontation”
and “political support”) in the period of the Song Dynasty (A. D. 960-1279)from a famous
Chinese historical database CBDB (China Biographical Database) built by Harvard University.
The labeling for “+/-” relationship and intensity indexing were carried out according to the
intimate degree among interpersonal relations, combined with expert knowledge. Furthermore,
the relative distribution of positive and negative relations and the degree of network stability were
measured by two new variables, namely “confrontation-support radio” and “balanced coefficient”.
Depending on the theory of symbolic analysis, we provided an empirical exploration in the aspects
of the whole network, the status of the core figures and the party structure, and the evolution of
the time sequence diagram in different historical periods, to compare and explain several historical

* Correspondence should be addressed to WANG Jun, Email: junwang@pku.edu.cn, ORCID: 0000-0003-2850-0624