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202 Journal of Library Science in China, Vol.10, 2018

Science” in English. According to A Selected Bibliography on Library Science compiled by Kung
Min-chung in 1928, “Tu Shu Guan Xue” first appeared in the article Introduction to Library
Science in Jiao Tong Ri Bao (“Traffic Daily”) on June 16, 1917, which was written by Jiangzhong
Zi（“江中孜”）and translated into Chinese by Jun Ming（“濬明”） . Later on, “Jiangzhong Zi”
was once mistaken for “Jiangzhong Kao”（“江中考”） .
Now, though the article Introduction to Library Science has not been found yet, the belief that the
Chinese term “Tu Shu Guan Xue” first appeared in 1917 could be overthrown. In 1910, the Chinese
term “Tu Shu Guan Xue” appeared for several times in the article titled Library Education, which
was originally written by the Japanese scholar Tono Shujirou（“户野周二郎”）and translated
by Xie Yinchang. The article was published continuously in Si Chuan Jiao Yu Guan Bao (Sichuan
Education Gazette), and became Chapters 1 and 2 of the book Library Education published by
Mukden Book Publishing House in December, the second year of Xuantong Emperor’s regime on
the lunar Calendar (i.e., January 1911). Through the translated monograph Library Education, Xie
Yinchang gave an introduction to the necessity and feasibility of opening library courses in normal
schools. Later on, he wrote more articles to promote library education in China.
In the 1920s, Boone Library School was founded, and then a Library Science Summer School
was held by the Peking High Normal College. They marked the establishment of the discipline of
Library Science in China, and Chinese scholars began to establish a scientific system of Library
Science with Chinese characteristics. In 1923, the first monograph under the title of Tu Shu
Guan Xue (Library Science) was published in China. In 1925, Doo Ding U published his work
Tu Shu Guan Xue Zhi Yanjiu (A Study on Library Science), which marked the beginning of the
construction of Library Science with Chinese characteristics. In 1934, Chinese library scholars
with Liu Kwoh-chuin as the core proposed a theoretical system of library elements, which should
be the most representative Library Science theory in modern China.
In addition, since the beginning, “Is Library Science a Science?” has been a fundamental
question to be answered by Chinese library scholars. Though the belief that libraries should be
useful has long been dominant, in the 1930s some library scholars represented by Li Chin-Sin and
Li Huijun tried to make clear the scientificity of Library Science, especially the scientific aspects
of Library Science, the reasons for and the usefulness of studying Library Science.

American sunday-school libraries in the 19th century
LIU Wen〇
〇a*
American Sunday-school libraries in the 19th century, as an activity of Protestant Christian
mission, provided Christian and moral education for children. They were established in the

* Correspondence should be addressed to LIU Wen, Email: 1679220084@qq.com, ORCID: 0000-0002-2893-9250