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Extended English abstracts of articles published in the Chinese edition of Journal of Library Science in China 2018 Vol.44 201

problems and viewpoints.
The experiment results show that: ① the political network in Song Dynasty appears in a
unbalanced situation with antagonistic relationships and partisan games among political parties.
Influenced by rights, interests and values, the interiors of a party are not unified as a whole.
② Interestingly, the political network of the Song Dynasty is very similar to the modern social
network. Its average distance is in accordance with the Small-world Effect and the degree
distribution follows the general power distribution, but the average clustering coefficient of
the network is significantly lower, which may be related to the lower frequency of personal
interactions in ancient groups, or the data distribution in the database. ③ Also, some super chief
ministers of state leads in a political network space with the Core-Periphery structure. Their role
functionality presents with “prestige effect” in the confrontation network and communicativeness
in support network. There may be a great conspiracy relationship between the premier and other
supervisory scholar-bureaucrats. The party of a premier can be viewed as a premier-centered
inside-out organizational structure in Differential Pattern. Although the political clique in the Song
Dynasty is closely related to literary thoughts, its core figures tend to be characterized by a passive
behavior. ④ Compared with the Southern Song Dynasty, the political balance coefficient of the
Northern Song Dynasty is relatively lower, which indicates that the former’s political situation may
be even more instable. This results can be attributed to three aspects in the progress of political
reform and development in the Song Dynasty, including the deterioration of political form, the
imbalance of the official system and the simplification of information channels, which is quite
consistent with the existing historical proofs and viewpoints. For the entire evolutional network,
the situation of the support and cooperation, in the early Northern Song Dynasty (i.e. before the
“Wang Anshi Reform”), is its main feature. As time goes on, the scale of political party dispute
expands greatly, but there seems to be no obvious relativity between the temporal evolution and
the strength of political relationship.
Although there are still some problems in this research, it expands the thinking of analysis on
Chinese historical and political problems and provides scientific reference and basis for historical
and political scholars.

The introduction of the Chinese term “Tu Shu Guan Xue (Library Science)”
and the preliminary construction of Library Science system in China
〇a*
WU Tunian〇 & GU Yeqing
Scholars in Chinese Library Science history have attached great importance to the origin of
the Chinese term “Tu Shu Guan Xue”（ “图书馆学”in Chinese） , which is equal to “Library

* Correspondence should be addressed to WU Tunian, Email: wtn@jiangnan.edu.cn, ORCID: 0000-0002-0861-4627